- The two pests that severely affect bonsai trees are spider mites and aphids. Aphids are small, greenish insects that bite holes in the leaves of the bonsai tree and suck the sap from it. Aphids are found on both indoor and outdoor bonsai trees, as are spider mites. Spider mites are small bugs that resemble spiders. They can be red, black, brown or green, depending on the stage of their growth cycle. They also feed on the leaves of bonsai trees.
- Bonsai trees with pest infestations are more likely to produce weak or no growth, due to damage caused by the insects. Leaves weakened by pest damage are unable to photosynthesize and can die and fall from the bonsai tree if they are severely harmed. A pest infestation that is left untreated can defoliate the bonsai completely, preventing it from producing any further growth during the growing season and causing it to enter a dormant state.
- Pesticides can be used on bonsai trees, but sparingly because they can damage the tree leaves. Harsh chemicals kill the leaves outright, doing as much damage as pests. Follow all directions on the package and dilute the pesticide if necessary.
- Keep the bonsai tree in an area where it is less likely to attract pests. Although aphids and spider mites can get inside, they are less likely to attack an indoor tree than an outdoor one. Make sure the growing environment of the bonsai tree help keep it healthy; regular watering, applications of fertilizer and annual pruning are important to keep the tree's natural defenses up, making it is less susceptible to pest damage.
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