Deforestation

• Some exotic hardwoods come from rare species with a dwindling natural supply. These may be harvested from over-stressed forests that are being depleted from commercial logging and development projects. Many exotic hardwoods are imported from the Amazon rainforest in Brazil, which has long been the focus of environmental conservation efforts. In addition to damaging rare tree supplies, excessive harvesting can negatively impact a forest's entire ecosystem, endangering area wildlife.
  
  

Selective Logging

• One response to the risks of deforestation is the practice of selective logging, which limits the number and size of trees extracted from endangered forests. When applied properly, the process can lead to a more natural pattern of regrowth and maintaining wildlife habitats. However, a 2005 study conducted by scientists with the Carnegie Institution of Washington, D.C., revealed that selective logging can still weaken a forest's ecosystem. Removal of any tree damages surrounding root and vine systems and creates dry, open gaps. Machinery used to remove trees can corrupt the forest floor, and any additional trees or debris caused by logging that is left to decompose releases harmful carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere.
  
  

Plantation Harvesting

• Hardwood species in high commercial demand may be harvested from man-made farms specifically planted for the logging trade. These plots of land often produce high-quality timber and are harvested and replanted regularly using clearing-cutting methods. Plantation harvesting avoids damaging whole ecosystems as with trees logged from their natural habitats, and ensures a steady supply of wood for export.
  
  

Environmental Protections

• Many governmental and nonprofit agencies oversee exotic hardwood extraction and advocate for sustainable logging practices. Logging in the Amazon Basin is monitored by the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources. The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora restricts certain endangered species from being traded Founded in 1993, the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is an international organization that sets guidelines for responsible exotic wood trade. Eco-conscious consumers can look for the FSC certification on hardwood products to know that they have been harvested and exported with minimal impact to their native forests.