- The stator is the stationary portion of the motor and delivers a rotating magnetic field to interact with the rotor. One or more copper windings make up a "pole" within the stator, and there is always an even number of poles within a motor. The electric current alternates through the poles, resulting in a rotating magnetic field.
- The rotor turns based on the current input to the stator of a three-phase induction motor.
The rotor is the central component of the motor, and is fixed to the shaft. The rotor is generally constructed of copper or aluminum strips attached at each end to a circular fixture. This configuration is called a "squirrel cage rotor" because of its appearance. The magnetic field generated by the stator induces a current in the rotor, which then creates its own magnetic field. The interaction of the magnetic fields in the stator and rotor results in a mechanical torque of the rotor. In some induction motors, the copper bars are replaced with slip rings and copper windings that behave in the same way. - The motor shaft is fixed within the rotor, and rotates with it. The shaft extends outside of the motor casing, and allows a connection to an outside system to transmit the rotational power. The shaft is sized to the amount of torque the motor puts out to avoid breaking the shaft.
- The rotor shaft is held in place by bearings at either end of the motor casing. The bearings minimize the friction of the shaft connection to the casing, increasing the efficiency of the motor.
- The casing of the induction motor contains all of the motor components, provides electrical connections and allows for ventilation of the motor parts to reduce heat buildup. The casing design often includes fins to assist with heat dissipation.
