General Tips

• To achieve good results, there are some general guidelines to follow. If the railing is indoors, be sure there is adequate ventilation. Remember that wood finish applies better when the humidity is low and the temperature is around 70 degrees Fahrenheit. Apply finish between rails before applying to the outside. Follow the instructions on the finish label and always dispose of used rags in the garbage.
  
  

Preparing the Railing

• As much of the old finish needs to be removed from the railing as possible. Commercial finish removers come in two basic forms, paste or gel types and liquid. The paste or gel type works best for large, flat surfaces. Liquid removers are best for smaller, more intricate wood areas such as the rungs in a railing. Follow the manufacturer's directions to apply the remover. A stiff toothbrush can be used for small, hard-to-reach areas.
  
  After the wood has thoroughly dried, it needs to be sanded with a coarse to medium grade of sandpaper to remove remaining finish and create a smooth surface. Flat rail surfaces can be sanded with an electric sander. Rungs and smaller areas will need to be sanded by hand. Always sand with the grain of the wood and apply even pressure.
  
  After sanding, the railing must be thoroughly cleaned. A vacuum with a brush attachment will be able to remove most of the wood particles. To remove fine dust, use a cloth dampened with a small amount of paint thinner or a tack cloth.
  
  

Refinishing the Railing

• In general, there are two types of finish that can be applied to the railing. Penetrating finishes such as Danish oils are absorbed into the wood. This type is good for wood that is older and damaged. The finish helps to make the wood stronger and can protect it against further damage. Surface finishes like varnish create a build-up on the wood surface. Surface finishes create a shiny, glass-like appearance, but they will not hide scratches in the wood.
  
  Penetrating finishes are applied in a circular motion with a lint-free cloth or nylon hosiery. Continue to apply until wood cannot absorb any more. Wipe off excess finish and allow to dry. Repeat the process as needed to achieve the desired look.
  
  Surface finish should be applied with a high-quality brush. Allow to dry, then sand with very fine sandpaper or 4/0 steel wool. Wipe down with a tack rag and apply additional coats as needed.