- A beam of light is used to engrave images or text on surfaces with a laser engraver. Laser engraving can be used on glass, plastic, stone, wood and metal. The laser is connected to a computer, which controls the image being engraved. There is no direct contact between the engraving machine and the item being engraved, so there is less wear and tear on the engraving tools. The engraving is precise and permanent. There is no by-product to dispose, so it is more eco-friendly than other processes.
- Rotary engraving is used on metals and plastics. This process consists of a rotating cutting tool on a motorized spindle that routs out an image or text. Computerized rotary engraving machines are used to engrave more detailed images. The tools used for engraving, also known as cutters, are typically made from high speed steel. Different types of cutters exist, although they are typically grouped into conical or parallel categories. Conical cutters are formed with a V-shaped edge. Parallel cutters have flat-bottomed edge.
- Sublimation is not a traditional type of engraving because images are applied to flat surfaces, rather than being carved or cut out. However, many engravers offer this process to create more detailed images. Sublimation imprints color on the object being engraved. Photo-quality images or text is heated into a gas, which attaches to objects. The images set and are permanent as they cool down.
- Engraving is often used for text on items such as jewelry, nameplates or carvings. The different types of fonts available for engravings is infinite. Laser engraving and sublimation offer more options. Any fonts or images from computers can be transferred through these processes. Rotary engraving offers limitations because of the tool's direct contact with the item being engraved. The tool may not be able to create all of the image's detail.
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