- The spear is probably one of the largest yet oldest of the large Native American tools. This tool was used for hunting by the Paleo Indians some 8000 or 9000 years ago. The shaft was 5 to 6 feet long, and the spear point was 5 inches long and 3 inches wide. The wooden shafts were probably made form oak for stability and resilience, and the stone spear head was made from either chert or quartz, with the exception of an occasional obsidian head, which is made from volcanic rock.
- Natives often used stretchers or cots to transport their wounded or elderly. These cots were made form lightweight materials such as pine or cypress. Although it is difficult to tell exactly how large these structures were, partial restorations have produced estimates of 2 to 3 feet wide and 5 to 6 feet long. These portable beds were covered in animal hide, which was attached to the wooden side poles with leather or animal ligaments.
- Native Americans began using the hoe sometime around the advent of agriculture in the New World, perhaps 2000 years ago. The shafts were made from 4-foot sticks that were 2 inches in diameter. The wood type was mostly oak, which was hard and heavy. The hoe blade or celt was 7 inches wide, 5 inches long and 2 inches thick. The head would resemble a modern day hoe. All Native American celts were made from either chert or quarts, which held a sharp edge very well. These blades were sharpened slightly on the end to allow cultivation of the land.
- The Native Americans used large pieces of knotty wood as clubs. These clubs were used in battle when the warriors were in close combat. Nonetheless, the clubs were still long, so that the user could strike at greater distances, keeping the opposing side from coming too close. The clubs were made from oak or ash, which are common hardwoods. They were usually cut from a knotty limb and cut down to 4-foot lengths. Some clubs have been found to be greater than 4 inches in diameter on the clubbing end, with the handle tapering down to 2 inches for easier use.