Testosterone Therapy

• Men who take testosterone therapy or use human growth hormone are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer and penile pain.
  
  

Anabolic Steroids

• Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones that are similar to testosterone and may cause prostate cancer and problems with penile pain and erectile dysfunction.
  
  

Diet

• Eating fatty or fried foods can increase testosterone levels, which may promote the growth of existing prostate cancer or cause a new cancer to develop.
  
  

Obesity

• According to the Cleveland Clinic, men who have a sedentary lifestyle or who are obese are more likely to develop prostate cancer.
  
  

Smoking

• Smoking can cause damage to the cells of most organs and tissues, which can lead to cancer, including prostate cancer.
  
  

Family history

• Men with a family history of prostate cancer may have a genetic susceptibility and are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer.
  
  

Metastasis

• According to the Mayo Clinic, other cancers may metastasize and cause a new cancer to grow in or around the prostate gland, and may cause penile pain and swelling.