Tooth decay also described as dental caries is a severe infectious disease, which completely damages the structure of the teeth. This tooth decay disease can also lead to tooth loss, infection & pain and in also in death if left untreated.
There is complete history of tooth decay with proof showing the disease present in medieval ages, iron & bronze but also before to neothic period. With Increase in the prevalence of tooth decays have been closely associated even with diet changes and today this dental caries remains one of the common diseases spread across the world.

Dental Caries can be classified in numerous ways. But the type may vary. The development and risk factors among various types of tooth decay still remain similar. Dental caries appears as a small white like chalky area but develop into a brown, large cavitation and sometimes tooth decay may be directly seen, To inspect the less visible areas of teeth, radiographs are frequently used and to judge the destruction.

Dental Caries is caused by acid producing bacteria, which highly causes damage in the presence of carbohydrates such as fructose, sucrose and glucose and the resulting acid level in mouth completely affect teeth because special mineral content in tooth causes it to be very sensitive to low PH. A tooth which is contains minerals in nature is in constant state of back and forth remineralization and demineralization between the surrounding saliva and tooth. When the PH drops below 5.5 at the surface of tooth demineralization process proceeds more faster than remineralization which results in ensuing tooth decay.
Various treatments can be used to restore teeth to proper function, aesthetics and proper form depending on the extent of destruction of tooth. But there till now there is no known methods to regenerate large amount of solid structure of tooth.