- Topsoil is the uppermost surface of the soil. It is a mixture of sand, rock, oxygen, clay and water as well as organic matter, such as animal products and decaying plants. It tends to be the top 2 to 8 inches, extending down into the ground. Usually this soil is darker than the lower soil, as it's been exposed to the elements. Earthworms are very beneficial to topsoil, as they are good soil aerators.
- Mulch is a thin covering of material placed on the soil. Organic, biodegradable mulches can be used to retain moisture in the ground and keep weeds at bay. Decorative mulches also can be applied, and can be made from non-biodegradable materials such as shells, pebbles or gravel.
- By using good quality topsoil and mulch together, plants can greatly benefit. Good quality topsoil should be full of nutrients; however, these can be washed away or diminish over time. By using a mulch as well, nutrients and moisture can be maintained in the soil, and the quality of old topsoil soil can be improved.
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