Functional electrical stimulation is a form of therapy for the treatment of the gait disorder known as foot drop. It is also known as neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)

It can be used as both a therapeutic treatment and as an aid for daily living. In both cases, the technology works by using low levels of electrical current to stimulate the peroneal nerves in the affected leg. The peroneal nerve runs along the outside of the lower leg below the knee. It innervates the muscles which control foot lift and causes dorsiflexion, or lifting of the toes, when stimulated.

These kinds of FES devices come with stimulating electrode pads. The stimulating electrodes can be on the surface or implanted, depending on patient and doctor preference. Most people would like to choose the surface electrodes because they are much easier to remove or change. The disadvantage for surface electrodes is each pad must be properly placed again each time the device is worn as opposed to implanted electrodes which only need placement once. The obvious advantage to implanted electrodes is it is fixed, the stimulation is more effectively. But people need a small surgery to implant the electrodes under the skin. In this case, most people would rather to choose the device with surface electrodes.

Regular use of the functional electrical stimulator will achieve below advantages:
Improved ground clearance
Reduced tripping and falls
Reduced compensatory movements such as hip hitching or circumduction (swing the leg out sideways)
Reduced effort of walking
Reduced spasticity in the calf and quadriceps muscle
Increased walking speed
Heel strike with eversion
Improves the position of the foot in weight bearing resulting in greater stability in stance
Greater walking range of mobility
Greater safety, confidence and independence while walking
Long term therapeutic benefit resulting in improved unaided walking

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