Pituitary tumours are strange growths found in the pituitary gland which makes hormones that have an effect on growth and the functions of other glands in the body. The pituitary gland is a pea-sized, reddish gray organ in the centre of the brain, just above and behind the nose. Pituitary carcinomas take place in both sexes, usually by the third or fourth decades of life. These tumours are quite general with 25% of people having small pituitary tumours on autopsy but most are warning sign free and the vast majority of pituitary adenomas go undiagnosed throughout life.
Pituitary Glands control the endocrine functions of the body and hence considered as a master gland. Pituitary adenoma does not show specific symptoms and are found in the light stages in the initial state when the cells are not active. But, as the time goes this may become malignant and can spread to other parts of the body and hence, timely treatment is always advisable.
Most patients with pituitary tumours will undergo tumour treatment like surgery, radiation therapy or both. A transsphenoidal hypophysectomy is the removal of a portion or the entire anterior pituitary gland using a direct through the sphenoid sinus. It is chosen approach for most pituitary tumours because it eliminates direction of the brain substance that occurs with earlier used forward craniotomy approach and there is no visible wound. The cut is made at the base of the upper lip where it joins the gum. After the floor of the sella tursica is exposed, the dura mater over the pituitary gland is opened and the tumour is removed.
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