Most Efficient Panels

• As of January 2011, the most efficient photovoltaic (PV) solar cell panels available are manufactured from monocrystalline silicon, according to the website SolarServer. These cells have a 14 to 17 percent efficiency in actual use. Each PV cell in an array is cut from a single pure, flawless silicon rod. Because all of the cells match, the cells can convert solar rays more efficiently.
  
  

Most Available Option

• Polycrystalline silicon PV cell panels provide a reasonable output at less expense, as the polycrystalline cells require a less complicated and expensive production process. The individual cells need not be constructed from the same piece of silicon rod, so more PV arrays can be assembled using the same amount of raw material. The output from these cells is less efficient than that of monocrystalline cells, but still provides a significant conversion of 13 to 15 percent.
  
  

Least Expensive Option

• Thin film cells are poured onto a substrata and do not need to be cut or assembled. This makes them less expensive to purchase and install. However, the conversion output is less than half of the output of a monocrystalline array. For schools more interested in the educational value of solar energy programs, thin film panels may provide a reasonable trade-off of funds for efficiency.
  
  

High Efficiency Panels

• Full spectrum PV panels are still experimental. The new cells combine elements that do not normally mix to create a mismatched array that can also capture infrared spectrum rays. The new cells, once perfected, may provide high efficiency solar cells. Should full-spectrum PV cells become more practical and available, schools could offer to pilot the installation and testing of these cells. This trial program would allow a school to experience cutting-edge technology and research, but the costs may also exceed current budget options.
  
  

Tracking Equipment and Maintenance

• Roofs with an unshaded southern exposure provide the most ideal conditions for any kind of solar panel. Fixed solar arrays on a southern exposure roof will provide significant energy conversion with the right solar panel construction. Since even a direct southern exposure will receive shade part of the day, solar panels installed with a tracking system can maximize efficiency by pointing the array directly at the sun throughout the day. A flat roof array may facilitate the tracking mechanism and assist with maintenance chores, which are more necessary than fixed array installations.