- 1). The reference list comes at the end of your document. This gives the complete information of the published works you used for your paper, including authors names, year of publication, title of article, publication name and location, volume and issue--or title of book and publisher. If you found your source on line, your also give the Internet address and date retrieved.
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The title page, front and back, has information you need to cite the source.Photos.com/Photos.com/Getty Images
To add a source to your references list, first look at the title page or top of the article, though some government documents give citation information at the end of the document. You first need the names of the authors. If no author is listed, which often happens for on-line information, use the title of the article in place of the author name. Write authors' last names first:
Davis, J.W. & Bauman, K.J.
Note that this APA example uses only the initials of the first names, so that sex of the author is not obvious. Some styles, such as MLA use the full first name. In either style, there should be a period separating the names from the rest of the reference. - 3). Next, you need the latest copyright year, found on the back of title pages for books. For newspapers, journals and magazines, use the publication date. When citing newspaper articles, give the month, day and year. For APA, this is put in parentheses after the author's name, be sure to add a period afterward:
Mutsumi, O. (1999).
For MLA, the date goes after the publisher information:
Erikson, Erik. Identity and the Life Cycle. New York, NY: W.W. Norton & Company, 1980. - 4). The third part of a reference is the title of the book, or for periodicals write the title of the article and then the name of the publication. Book titles and publication names need to be in italics. Note that only the first word in the title and the first word after the colon are capitalized in the title of the APA example below. The publication title is a proper noun, which is capitalized. Also note the required period after the article title and the comma after the publication title.
Diener, E. (2000). Subjective well-being: The science of happiness and a proposal for a national index. American Psychologist, 55(1).
MLA uses capitalization as you find the title in the publication. - 5). For APA academic journal publications, the volume number is italicized, but the issue number is not. The issue number follows the volume number without a space between them, and it has parentheses around it:
Jost, J.T. & Banaji, M.T. (1994). The role of stereotyping in system-justification and the production of false consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33(1).
For MLA format, the volume number is not italicized, and is separated from the issue number by a period.
Jost, John & Banaji, Mahzarin. The Role of Stereotyping in System-justification and the Production of False Consciousness. British Journal of Social Psychology, 33.1 (1994).
Complete each reference, regardless of style, with a period. - 1). In-text citations are abbreviated references of other authors' work in the text of your own document, that indicate where the reader should look in your reference list. This information includes the authors names, year of publication, and, if you are making a direct quote, the page number in which you found that quote:
APA: According to Rogers (1962), there are five steps that individuals take in accepting an innovation. Or: Individuals pass through five stages in the process of accepting an innovation (Rogers, 1962). Note that the citation is alway inside the pertinent sentence. - 2). When you quote a source, include the page number.
APA: A "sensitive New Age guy" masculinity (Kimmel, 1996, p. 293) has grown in popularity. - 3). As a basic rule, MLA uses page number instead of date in all in-text citations. The exception is if you are using more than one work by the same author.
MLA: A "sensitive New Age guy" masculinity (Kimmel 293) has grown in popularity. Note that there is no comma or p.
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